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National Republican Army claim of responsibility

 Killing of Darya Dugina | Wikiwand

Killing by car bombing in 2022

It has been suggested that this article be merged into Darya Dugina. (Discuss) Proposed since August 2022.

Killing of Darya Dugina
Part of terrorism in Russia
Location Bolshiye Vyazyomy, Odintsovsky District, Moscow Oblast, Russia
Coordinates 55°37′48″N 36°59′06″E / 55.629880°N 36.985060°E / 55.629880; 36.985060
Date 20 August 2022; 11 days ago (2022-08-20)
c.  21:45 (MSK)
Target Aleksandr Dugin, or Darya Dugina, or both[1]

Attack type

Car bomb
Perpetrators

Darya Dugina was killed on 20 August 2022, when her Toyota Land Cruiser car exploded on Mozhayskoye Shosse in the settlement of Bolshiye Vyazyomy outside Moscow around 9:45 p.m. local time.[5]

Darya Dugina in April 2022

Dugina was driving to Moscow after attending the annual festival "Tradition", which describes itself as a family festival for art lovers. The "Tradition" festival is held at the Zakharovo estate, approximately 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) north of Bolshiye Vyazyomy. Investigators said an explosive device was planted under the car, on the driver's side.[6]

Russian investigation and response

On 22 August, the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) claimed that Ukrainian special services were behind the killing, alleging that their primary suspect was a middle-aged female Ukrainian national who escaped to Estonia after the explosion.[7][8]

According to the FSB, after arriving with her daughter in Russia the previous month the Ukrainian rented an apartment in the same building where Dugina lived, and both were present at the same festival Dugina attended before she was killed.[9]

The FSB also released surveillance footage purportedly showing the suspect from cameras at the entrance of the apartment building and at the border crossing points, saying that she drove a Mini Cooper. The FSB allege she used a license plate from the Donetsk People's Republic, then switched to a plate from Kazakhstan and then used a plate from Ukraine to cross the border to Estonia.[9]

Interfax later reported that the FSB named an accomplice, a middle-aged male Ukrainian national, as providing logistical assistance to the primary assassin. Specifically, the FSB alleged that the accomplice provided the primary suspect with their false license plates and a Kazakhstani passport, and assisted in bomb assembly while in Russia. The FSB further alleged that the accomplice had also escaped to Estonia.[10]

The later Interfax report elaborated that the FSB assert that the primary assassin tailed Dugina within the parking lot for guests at the "Tradition," followed Dugina's Land Cruiser in her own Mini Cooper, and detonated the bomb via remote control.[10]

Ukrainian government response

The Ukrainian government denied any involvement, with Ukrainian presidential advisor Mykhailo Podolyak stating that "we are not a criminal state like the Russian Federation, much less a terrorist one."[11][12]

While refusing to give comment on the assassination itself, the spokesman for the Chief Directorate of Intelligence of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine told The Washington Post that "I can say that the process of internal destruction of the 'Russky Mir,' or 'the Russian world,' has begun,” and predicted that “the Russian world will eat and devour itself from the inside.”[13]

Estonian government response

The Minister of Foreign Affairs for Estonia, Urmas Reinsalu, said that the claim that Dugina's assassin fled to safe harbor in Estonia was "[one] provocation in a very long line of provocations by the Russian Federation."[14] Reinsalu and the Ministry urged Estonians to avoid travel to Russia, and advised those on short term travel in Russia to hasten their exit.[15]

In statements to the The New York Times, law enforcement in Estonia said that Russia had not requested their assistance.[16]

Reactions

The assassination provoked a wide variety of responses both within the Russian Federation and globally.

Russia and diaspora

Dugina's father, Aleksandr Dugin, called the killing a "terrorist act executed by the Nazi Ukrainian regime" and wrote that "we need only our victory".[17]

Russian president Vladimir Putin sent a message of condolences to the family of Dugina, describing her as a "bright, talented person with a real Russian heart".[18] Putin posthumously awarded Dugina the Order of Courage.[19]

The head of the Kremlin-recognized breakaway Donetsk People's Republic, Denis Pushilin, claimed that Ukrainian authorities were behind the explosion.[20]

In the immediate aftermath of the assassination, the United States-government backed Ukrainian news service Svoboda.org gathered various perspectives from Russian-language social media. They included a round-up of reactions from pro-regime figures including former National Bolshevik Party member Zakhar Prilepin blaming Ukrainians (and calling for grenade attacks in reprisal); Aleksey Chadayev [d] blaming Poles; Yegor Kholmogorov [d], Darya Mitina, Yevgeny Primakov Jr. attributing the death to Westerners in general; and Alexander Ryklin [d] blaming Alexei Navalny.[21]

The same compilation included responses from opponents and critics of Putin. Dmitry Gudkov wrote of the event as a "boomerang" (Russian: бумеранг) for Dugin's warlike rhetoric. Maria Baronova observed that since the outbreak of the "special military operation" assassinations were shifting from cloaked poisonings back to openly violent means, and recalled wry advice from the 1990s to avoid expensive cars. Grigorii Golosov theorized that the attack was meant for Darya Dugina (and not her father) to provide an appealing martyr for anti-Ukraine hawks, though he stressed that he would refrain from guessing whom these hawks are. Alexander Nevzorov wrote that neither Dugin nor Dugina were important, but noted the assassination had created fear among Putin's circles.[21]

International

On 23 August, United Nations spokesperson Stéphane Dujarric called for an investigation into Dugina's killing.[22]

Pope Francis condemned the killing of Darya Dugina and mentioned it as an example of the "madness of war".[23][24] The statement was strongly criticized by the Ukrainian ambassador to the Holy See Andrii Yurash[25][26] and the Ukrainian Ministry of Foreign Affairs summoned the Apostolic Nuncio in Ukraine Archbishop Visvaldas Kulbokas for explanations on the issue.[27] In a statement to Vatican News, the Holy See clarified that the Pope's words were to be interpreted as a defense of human life, not as a political defense of Dugina, noting that Francis has repeatedly condemned the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[28]

On his podcast, Steve Bannon accused the Central Intelligence Agency of the assassination.[29] Bannon was advisor to both the 2016 Trump Presidential campaign and Presidency of Donald Trump. He has had documented contacts with Dugin, and described himself as a fan of Dugin's book, The Fourth Political Theory.[30][31]

In The Conversation, Matthew Sussex of Australian National University's National Security College wrote: "any way you cut it, the killing of Darya Dugina brings Putin’s own leadership into question. This is something he has scrupulously avoided. He is obsessed with control, and enjoys the support of a massive propaganda machine to turn defeats into triumphs and blame others for his mistakes".[32]

French magazine Éléments, organ of the ethno-nationalist think tank GRECE published a lengthy tribute to both. Ideologue Alain de Benoist called Dugina's death "an act of war."[33]

National Republican Army claim of responsibility

Ponomarev appearing in a 2021 video published by Free Russia Forum

Ilya Ponomarev, a former member of Russia's State Duma now living in exile in Ukraine, claimed that a Russian partisan group was responsible for the attack, and that the hitherto unknown group calls itself National Republican Army (NRA) (Russian: Национальная республиканская армия (НРА)). Ponomarev claims the NRA is an underground group working inside Russia, dedicated to removing Putin from power.[34] He has subsequently claimed it is a "network" of clandestine cells.[35]

In Ponomarev's narrative to the Kyiv Post, the group has previously carried out anonymous arson attacks on military induction centers, then shifted to targeting Dugin and Dugina as "something high-profile for which they could become well-known." He elaborated that a contact in the group told him a week before the assassination to expect "something big," followed by instructions on the day of the event to "watch the news." Following news coverage of the assassination, Ponomarev claims that he was provided evidence of the group's responsibility.[36] Ponomarev added that his sources believed two persons (i.e., both Dugin and Dugina) were in the targeted car.[37] From Ponomarev's statement, it is unclear whether she was targeted deliberately, or whether her father was the intended target, or whether the intention might have been to kill both.[38] Ponomarev gave a similar account to Radio NV (Ukrainian: Радіо НВ), adding that his contacts "sent certain photos to prove their involvement."[39]

Along with the claim of responsibility for the assassination, Ponomarev aired the organization's manifesto on his media outlet "February Morning" (Russian: Утра Февраля) and hailed it as "a new page in Russian resistance to Putinism. New—but not the last."[35]

Later confronted with the news of the FSB's accusation, Ilya Ponomarev told the Meduza news outlet that his purported sources in the National Republican Army deny the claimed Ukrainian being the perpetrator while leaving ambiguous whether she may have had a role.[37] In both Meduza and a message to his Telegram channel "Rospartisan" (Russian: Роспартизан), Ponomarev appeared to take credit for her exfiltration from Russia at the request of unnamed "friends".[40]

Following his announcement of support for the assassination and the NRA, Ponomarev claims to have been disinvited from a planned meeting of Russian dissidents.[35]

Skeptical and critical reactions to Russian NRA claims

As of 21 August 2022[update], Associated Press and The Guardian articles concerning the death of Dugina and its aftermath state that the claim of a National Republican Army responsibility cannot be confirmed.[41][42] A 22 August 2022 report from Reuters says that "[Ponomarev's] assertion and the group's existence could not be independently verified."[43]

In an interview with Ponomarev for Meduza, both the interviewer Svetlana Reiter and the editor note skepticism about his claims about the Russian NRA, his accommodations of Putin in his Duma career, and the source of his wealth.[44][45] Separately, Meduza managing editor Kevin Rothrock questioned Ponomarev's integrity, the existence of the NRA, and implied that both Dugin and Dugina were "civilians" who should not have been targeted.[46]

Citing the livestream of Yulia Latynina, Cathy Young discussed the possibility that Ponomarev is a "a grifter trying to sell a good story," but said that the NRA manifesto's appeal to patriotism is not suggestive of black propaganda.[47]

Sergey S. Radchenko, a professor at the Henry A. Kissinger Center for Global Affairs at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, told Deutsche Welle he found the claim of responsibility and manifesto to both be "dodgy".[48]

Deutsche Welle's reporter in Kyiv Roman Goncharenko said, "there are more questions than answers" about the group, and noted that the group's purported manifesto employs a call to action "fight like us, fight with us, fight better than us!" (Russian: боритесь как мы, боритесь вместе с нами, боритесь лучше нас!) inspired by the Deutscher Fernsehfunk children's television show Do with us, do as we do, do better than us! [de; ru] that aired in both East Germany and the Soviet Union until 1991.[49]

Matthew Sussex of Australian National University's National Security College wrote that "very few observers believe the hitherto-unknown National Republican Army, which claimed responsibility for the killing, was to blame. But if it were, then it points to the real possibility of organised domestic terrorism in Russia."[32]

In The New Yorker, Masha Gessen mused that "either the National Republican Army is a new group using terrorist tactics, and it killed Dugina to show what it’s capable of; or this is, in effect, a marketing move, a rush to take credit. In either case—whether the National Republican Army is real or fictional—this version is probably inching closer to the truth."[50]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Что не так с Национальной республиканской армией России" [What is wrong with the National Republican Army of Russia]. Euroradio.fm. 22 August 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  2. ^ В РФ оппозиция создала партизанскую армию [In the Russian Federation, the opposition created a partisan army]. korrespondent.net (in Russian). Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  3. ^ ФСБ заявила о раскрытии убийства Дарьи Дугиной [The FSB announced the disclosure of the murder of Daria Dugina]. BBC News Русская служба (in Russian). Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  4. ^ Paul Kirby (2022-08-23). "Darya Dugina: Moscow murder accusation is fiction, says Ukraine". bbc.com. BBC News. Retrieved 2022-08-24.
  5. ^ "Daughter of Russian philosopher Alexander Dugin killed in car explosion". Anadolu Agency. Archived from the original on 22 August 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  6. ^ "Daughter of Russian ideologue killed in suspected car bomb attack". Reuters. 21 August 2022. Archived from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  7. ^ "Darya Dugina: Ukraine killed Putin ally's daughter, Russia says". BBC News. 22 August 2022.
  8. ^ ФСБ раскрыла убийство дочери Дугина [FSB solved the murder of Dugin's daughter]. Interfax (in Russian). 22 August 2022.
  9. ^ a b "Russia blames Ukraine for nationalist's car bombing death". Washington Post. 22 August 2022.
  10. ^ a b "ФСБ заявила еще об одном участнике убийства Дарьи Дугиной" [FSB names another participant in the murder of Daria Dugina]. Interfax.ru (in Russian). 2022-08-29. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
  11. ^ Troianovski, Anton; Nechepurenko, Ivan; Gettleman, Jeffrey (21 August 2022). "Russia Opens Murder Investigation After Blast Kills Daughter of Putin Ally". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 22 August 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  12. ^ "A car bomb killed the daughter of a Putin ideologist Saturday. Ukraine denies involvement: 'We are not a criminal state like Russian Federation'". Fortune. Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 22 August 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  13. ^ Pannett, Rachel; Timsit, Annabelle; Ilyushina, Mary (2022-08-21). "Car explosion kills daughter of Putin ally Alexander Dugin, Russia says". Washington Post. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  14. ^ ERR, ERR, ERR News | (2022-08-23). "Minister: FSB claim of alleged assassin fleeing to Estonia is provocation". ERR. Retrieved 2022-08-25.
  15. ^ "Foreign minister urges against travel to Russia in wake of Dugina murder". ERR. 2022-08-23. Archived from the original on 2022-08-23. Retrieved 2022-08-26.
  16. ^ Higgins, Andrew (2022-08-22). "Estonia says Moscow has not asked for help with the Dugina investigation". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  17. ^ «Наши сердца жаждут не просто возмездия. Нам нужна только наша Победа» Александр Дугин — об убийстве своей дочери ["Our hearts yearn for more than just retribution. We only need our Victory" Alexander Dugin - about the murder of his daughter]. Meduza (in Russian). 22 August 2022.
  18. ^ «Человек с настоящим русским сердцем». Путин выразил соболезнования семье убитой Дарьи Дугиной ["A person with a real Russian heart." Putin expressed condolences to the family of the murdered Darya Dugina]. Meduza (in Russian). 22 August 2022.
  19. ^ "Putin confers Order For Courage on Dugina". Yahoo! News. Retrieved 2022-08-22.
  20. ^ "Car Bomb Kills Daughter of Kremlin Hardline Ideologue". The Moscow Times. Agence France-Presse. 21 August 2022. Archived from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  21. ^ a b "От "террора СБУ" до "жертвы ФСБ". Соцсети о смерти Дарьи Дугиной" [From the "terror of the SBU" to the "victim of the FSB": Social networks about the death of Daria Dugina]. Радио Свобода (in Russian and Ukrainian). 2022-08-21. Retrieved 2022-08-26.
  22. ^ "ООН призвала установить все факты в деле об убийстве Дарьи Дугиной" [The UN urged that all the facts should be established in the case of the murder of Daria Dugina] (in Russian). Vedomosti. Retrieved 2022-08-23.
  23. ^ "Папа римский назвал гибель Дугиной примером безумия войны" [The Pope called the death of Dugina an example of the madness of war]. Ria Novosti (in Russian). 24 August 2022.
  24. ^ Pullella, Philip (24 August 2022). "Pope warns of "nuclear disaster" risk at Ukraine's Zaporizhzhia plant". Reuters. Retrieved 24 August 2022. Francis condemned wars as "madness" and referred to the death of Darya Dugina
  25. ^ Nadeau, Barbie Latza (2022-08-24). "Ukraine Angry After Pope Francis Calls Darya Dugina 'Innocent' War Victim". The Daily Beast.
  26. ^ "Ukrainian Ambassador Outraged after Pope Laments Death of 'Innocent' Russian Ultra-Nationalist Daria Dugina". Yahoo News. 24 August 2022.
  27. ^ Ong, Danielle (2022-08-25). "Ukraine Summons Archbishop After Pope Francis Called Darya Dugina Innocent". International Business Times.
  28. ^ "Ucraina, la Santa Sede: il Papa difende la vita, non prende posizioni politiche". Vatican News (in Italian). 30 August 2022.
  29. ^ Harnwell: “Was the CIA behind the car bomb that killed Alexander Dugin’s daughter?”, 2022-08-22, retrieved 2022-08-28
  30. ^ Teitelbaum, Benjamin R. (2020a). War for Eternity: The Return of Traditionalism and the Rise of the Populist Right. Penguin Books Limited (published 2020). ISBN 9780241431078. OCLC 1235958794. Wikidata Q107266101.
  31. ^ Green, Joshua (July 17, 2017). "Inside the Secret, Strange Origins of Steve Bannon's Nationalist Fantasia". Vanity Fair. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
  32. ^ a b Sussex, Matthew. "Russia is fighting three undeclared wars. Its fourth – an internal struggle for Russia itself – might be looming". The Conversation. Retrieved 2022-08-26.
  33. ^ "Notre hommage à Darya Douguine" [Our tribute to Darya Dugina]. Revue Éléments (in French). 2022-08-21. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  34. ^ Harding, Luke (21 August 2022). "Ex-Russian MP claims Russian partisans responsible for Moscow car bomb". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 August 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  35. ^ a b c "Илья Пономарев: «Ответственность за взрыв автомобиля Дарьи Дугиной взяла на себя "Национальная республиканская армия"»" [Ilya Ponomarev: "The "National Republican Army" took responsibility for the explosion of Darya Dugina's car"]. Утро Февраля. 2022-08-21. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
  36. ^ Smart, Jason Jay (2022-08-23). "Exclusive interview: Russia's NRA Begins Activism - KyivPost - Ukraine's Global Voice". KyivPost. Retrieved 2022-08-23.
  37. ^ a b ""Они видели, что в машину садятся два человека. И думали, что второй — Дугин" Интервью Ильи Пономарева. Он комментирует убийство Дугиной от лица мистической "Национальной республиканской армии", которая, по его словам, устроила этот взрыв" ["They saw that two people were getting into the car. And they thought that the second one was Dugin" Interview with Ilya Ponomarev. He comments on the murder of Dugina on behalf of the mysterious "National Republican Army", which, according to him, carried out this explosion.]. Meduza (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-08-22.
  38. ^ "Ex-MP Ilya Ponomarev confirms existence of The National Republican Army on February Morning TV (Rus) (see 3'23)". www.youtube.com. 22 August 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  39. ^ "Знищення Дугіної. Насильницький супротив буде зростати, іншого шляху немає – Ілля Пономарьов" [Liquidation of Dugina: "Violent resistance will grow, there is no other way" Ilya Ponomarev]. YouTube. Радіо НВ.
  40. ^ "Forwarded from Илья Пономарев". Telegram. Роспартизан. 2022-08-22. Retrieved 2022-08-23.
  41. ^ "Suspected car bomb kills daughter of Russian nationalist known as 'Putin's brain'". Associated Press. 2022-08-21. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
  42. ^ Sabbagh, Dan; Harding, Luke (2022-08-21). "Ukraine braces for intensified attacks after Moscow car bomb killing". The Guardian. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
  43. ^ "Russia accuses Ukraine of killing nationalist's daughter, Putin gives her award". Reuters. 2022-08-22. Retrieved 2022-08-25.
  44. ^ "«Они видели, что в машину садятся два человека. И думали, что второй — Дугин» Интервью Ильи Пономарева. Он комментирует убийство Дугиной от лица мистической «Национальной республиканской армии», которая, по его словам, устроила этот взрыв" [“They saw two people getting into the car. And they thought that the second one was Dugin.” Interview with Ilya Ponomarev. He comments on the murder of Dugina on behalf of the mystical "National Republican Army", which, according to him, staged (carried out?) this explosion.]. Meduza (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-08-22.
  45. ^ "'Our task is to finish off Putin' Ex-lawmaker Ilya Ponomarev on Daria Dugina's death, the National Republican Army, and bringing down the Russian regime". Meduza. Retrieved 2022-08-23.
  46. ^ Rothrock, Kevin. "The Russia Guy #199". Telegram. The Russia Guy. Retrieved 2022-08-23.
  47. ^ Young, Cathy (2022-08-25). "The Dugina Killing Aftermath". The Bulwark. Retrieved 2022-08-25.
  48. ^ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche, Nobody had previously ever heard of the National Republican Army: Prof. Sergey Radchenko | DW | 22.08.2022, retrieved 2022-08-23
  49. ^ Obscure group claims responsibility for Russian car bombing | DW News, retrieved 2022-08-25
  50. ^ Gessen, Masha (2022-08-26). "The Mysterious Murder of Darya Dugina". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
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