Fediverse

 Fediverse | Wikiwand

Distributed social media network of federated (independent and interconnected) servers

The fediverse (a portmanteau of "federation" and "universe") is an ensemble of federated (i.e. interconnected) servers that are used for web publishing (i.e. social networking, microblogging, blogging, or websites) and file hosting, but which, while independently hosted, can communicate with each other. On different servers (technically instances), users can create so-called identities. These identities are able to communicate over the boundaries of the instances because the software running on the servers supports one or more communication protocols that follow an open standard.^[1] As an identity on the fediverse, users are able to post text and other media, or to follow posts by other identities.^[2] In some cases, users can show or share data (video, audio, text, and other files) publicly or to a selected group of identities, and allow other identities to edit other users' data (such as a calendar or an address book).

History

In 2008, the social network identi.ca was founded by Evan Prodromou. He published the software GNU social under a free license (GNU Affero General Public License, AGPL). It defined the OStatus protocol. Besides the server, identi.ca, there were only few other instances, run by persons for their own use. This changed in 2011–12 when identi.ca switched to another software called pump.io.^{[citation needed]} Several new GNU social instances were created. At the same time as GNU social, other projects like Friendica, Hubzilla,^[3] Mastodon, and Pleroma integrated the OStatus protocol, thus extending the fediverse^{[citation needed]} (though Mastodon and Pleroma have since dropped OStatus^[4] in favor of ActivityPub). In the meantime, other communication protocols evolved which were integrated to different degrees into the software packages.

In January 2018, the W3C presented the ActivityPub protocol, aiming to improve the interoperability between the different software packages run on a wide network of servers. As of August 2018^[update], this protocol was supported by thirteen software packages (see table below), and was the dominant protocol used in the Fediverse.

Communication protocols used in the fediverse

Excerpt of common protocols and platforms in Fediverse (2022)

These communication protocols, which implement open standards, are used in the fediverse:

• ActivityPub
• Diaspora Network
• OStatus
• Zot & Zot/6^[6][7][8]

Fediverse software packages

The various platforms of the Fediverse, as well as other federated networks, visualised as a tree

The software packages used in the fediverse are FOSS. Some of them vaguely resemble Twitter in style (for example, Mastodon, Misskey, GNU social, and Pleroma, which are similar in their microblogging function), while others include more communication and transaction options that are instead comparable to Google+ or Facebook (such as is the case with Friendica and Hubzilla).

The following software packages span the fediverse by using the listed communication protocols:

Software Name	Type	ActivityPub	Diaspora Network	OStatus	Zot Zot/6
Aardwolf-Social[9]	Social network	Yes	No	No	No
Anfora	Image hosting	In progress[10]	No	No	No
BookWyrm[11]	Book cataloguing	Yes	No	No	No
Calckey[12]	Social network, Microblogging	Yes	No	No	No
Castopod	Podcasting	Yes[13]	No	No	No
diaspora* (software)	Social network, Microblogging	No[14][15]	Yes	No	No
distbin	Pastebin	Yes	No	No	No
Drupal	Blogging, CMS, Image gallery, File hosting, Microblogging, Social network, Website	Yes[16]	Yes[17]	In progress[18]	No
Epicyon	Social network, Microblogging	Yes	No	No	No
Friendica (f. Friendika; orig. Mistpark)	Social network, Macroblogging, Blogging, Image gallery, Event Planner, Groups	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Funkwhale[19]	Audio, sound hosting	Yes	No	No	No
GNU MediaGoblin	file, image, audio, video hosting	Proposed[20]	No	No	No
GNU social (f. StatusNet; orig. Laconica)	Macroblogging	Yes[21]	No	Yes	No
Guppe	Groups	Yes[22]	No	No	No
Honk	Social network	Yes	No	No	No
Hubzilla (f. RedMatrix; orig. Friendica-Red)	CMS, Social network, Macroblogging, Wiki, Blogging, Image gallery, File hosting	Yes	Yes	Yes[3]	Yes
Inventaire	Book cataloguing, reviewing and exchanging	Yes[23]	No	No	No
Kibou	Social network, Microblogging	Yes	No	No	No
Lemmy[24]	Link Aggregator, Social Network	Yes	No	No	No
Littr.me	Link Aggregator, Social Network	In progress	No	No	No
lotide[25]	Link Aggregator, Social Network	Yes	No	No	No
Mastodon	Microblogging	Yes[26]	No	Dropped[4]	No
Micro.blog[27]	Microblogging Blogging Photoblogging Podcasting	Yes[28]	No	No	No
microblog.pub	Microblogging	Yes	No	No	No
Misskey[29]	Social network, Microblogging	Yes	No	No	No
Mobilizon	Event and group management	Yes	No	No	No
Nextcloud Social	File hosting	Yes[30]	No	No	No
OStatus[31]	Social network, Microblogging	Yes	No	Yes	No
OLKi[32]	File/dataset hosting	Yes	No	No	No
Owncast[33]	Live video streaming	Yes	No	No	No
PeerPx	Image hosting	Yes	No	No	No
PeerTube	Video hosting	Yes	No	No	No
Pixelfed[34]	Image hosting	Yes[35]	No	No	No
Pleroma	Microblogging	Yes	No	Dropped[5]	No
Plume[36]	Blogging	Yes	No	No	No
Prismo	Link-sharing	Yes	No	No	No
Pubcast (f. Metapods)	Netcasting	Yes	No	No	No
pump.io	Microblogging	Proposed[37]	No	Dropped[38]	No
Read.as	Feed reader	Yes[39]	No	No	No
Socialhome	Website, Social network, Microblogging, Blog	Yes	Yes	No	Proposed[40]
Streams[41]	Social network, Macroblogging, Wiki, Blogging, Image gallery	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Tumblr	Social network, Microblogging, Blog	In progress[42]	No	No	No
WordPress	Blogging	Yes[43]	Yes[44]	Yes[45]	No
Write.as / WriteFreely	Blogging	Yes	No	No	No
Zap	Social network, Macroblogging, Image gallery, File hosting	Yes	No	No	Zot/6

User statistics

A number of developers publish live statistics about the fediverse on monitoring sites^[46] like the-federation.info.^[47] The statistics on these sites are an indication of usage levels, not a complete record, as they can only aggregate data from instances that use the NodeInfo protocol to publish usage statistics. There is no guarantee that all instances are known to these sites, and some instances may disable NodeInfo, or use software that hasn't implemented it. Some of these sites include data from any federated software that publishes it using NodeInfo, not just fediverse software.

See also

• Comparison of software and protocols for distributed social networking
• IndieWeb

References

1. ^ "Fed FAQ". Mastodon User Guide. Archived from the original on 2017-04-09.
2. ^ "What on Earth is the fediverse and why does it matter?". New Atlas. 18 September 2018.
3. ^ ^a b "gnusoc · master / addons". Hubzilla. Framagit. Retrieved 2018-07-17.
4. ^ ^a b Mastodon. "Release v3.0.0". GitHub. Retrieved 2019-10-08.
5. ^ Macgirvin, Michael ‘Mike’. "Zot/6". Retrieved 2018-09-14.
6. ^ "Zot Protocol". Hubzilla. Archived from the original on 2018-08-18. Retrieved 2018-08-18.
7. ^ "zotlabs.org". Retrieved 2021-10-29.
8. ^ "Implement mastodon API endpoints #23". Anfora. Git hub. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
9. ^ bookwyrm. "Bookwyrm". Retrieved 2021-05-26.
10. ^ "Calckey". Retrieved 2022-11-09.
11. ^ "Castopod features". Retrieved 2022-11-07.
12. ^ diaspora*. "Support ActivityPub #7422". GitHub. Retrieved 2018-08-18.
13. ^ diaspora* (13 May 2017). "Let's talk about ActivityPub". Retrieved 2018-08-18.
14. ^ Kristof, De Jaeger (swentel) (2019-02-23). "ActivityPub". Drupal.org. Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved 2022-03-06.
15. ^ Jason, Chambers (rurri) (2012-03-02). "Diaspora Pod". Drupal.org. Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved 2022-03-06.
16. ^ Stefan, Auditor (sanduhrs) (2011-04-19). "OStatus". Drupal.org. Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved 2022-03-06.
17. ^ funkwhale. "Funkwhale". Retrieved 2019-05-02.
18. ^ GNU MediaGoblin. "Move federation code to ActivityPub spec #5503". Archived from the original on 2017-04-11. Retrieved 2018-08-18.
19. ^
20. ^ immers-space. "Decentralized social groups for ActivityPub". Retrieved 2022-11-22.
21. ^ "Inventaire toot". mamot.fr. 2021-12-07. Archived from the original on 2022-08-28. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
22. ^ "join-lemmy.org". Retrieved 2021-07-12.
23. ^ "lotide". Retrieved 2020-10-29.
24. ^ Mastodon. "ActivityPub support #1557". GitHub. Retrieved 2018-08-18.
25. ^ "Micro.blog". micro.blog. Retrieved 2022-12-19.
26. ^ micro.blog. "Mastodon and ActivityPub". micro.blog. Retrieved 2022-12-19.
27. ^ "Misskey". Retrieved 2019-05-02.
28. ^ Nextcloud. "Nextcloud introduces social features, joins the fediverse". Retrieved 2018-12-10.
29. ^ ostatus. "OStatus". Retrieved 2020-10-29.
30. ^ "olki". Retrieved 2020-10-23.
31. ^ "Owncast v0.0.11". 2022-03-05.
32. ^ Pixelfed. "Pixelfed". Retrieved 2019-05-02.
33. ^ Pixelfed (25 December 2018). "Pixelfed federates now". Retrieved 2018-12-31.
34. ^ joinplu.me. "Plume". Retrieved 2019-05-02.
35. ^ pump.io. "ActivityPub support #1241". GitHub. Retrieved 2018-08-18.
36. ^ pump.io. "OStatus #8". GitHub. Retrieved 2018-08-18.
37. ^ Read.as. "Long-form ActivityPub-enabled reader". GitHub. Retrieved 2018-08-29.
38. ^ Robinson, Jason (May 19, 2018). "Implementing Zot".
39. ^ "streams". codeberg.org. Retrieved November 2, 2022.
40. ^ Perez, Sarah (2022-11-21). "Tumblr to add support for ActivityPub, the social protocol powering Mastodon and other apps". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2022-11-21.
41. ^ Pfefferle, Matthias. https://wordpress.org/plugins/activitypub/. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
42. ^ wordpress.com. https://wordpress.org/plugins/tags/diaspora/. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
43. ^ Pfefferle, Matthias. https://wordpress.org/plugins/ostatus-for-wordpress/. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
44. ^ "Instance monitoring sites · Wiki · Feneas / Fediverse Party". git.feneas.org.
45. ^ "The Federation - a statistics hub". the-federation.info. Retrieved November 2, 2022.

Further reading

• 2022. Toxicity in the Decentralized Web and the Potential for Model Sharing
• 2021. Exploring Content Moderation in the Decentralised Web: The Pleroma Case
• 2019. The disinformation landscape and the lockdown of social platforms
• 2019. Challenges in the Decentralised Web: The Mastodon Case
• 2018. Recommending Users: Whom to Follow on Federated Social Networks
• 2018. Multi-task dialog act and sentiment recognition on Mastodon
• 2015. FCJ-190 Building a Better Twitter: A Study of the Twitter Alternatives GNU social, Quitter, rstat.us, and Twister
• 2015. The Case for Alternative Social Media

External links

Просмотры: