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Kh-47M2 Kinzhal | Wikiwand

 Kh-47M2 Kinzhal | Wikiwand

Russian nuclear-capable air-launched ballistic missile

Kh-47M2 Kinzhal
Х-47М2 Кинжал

A Kh-47M2 Kinzhal being carried by a Mikoyan MiG-31K interceptor

TypeAir-launched ballistic missile
Place of originRussia
Service history
In service2017-present
Used byRussian Air Force
WarsRussian invasion of Ukraine (2022–present)
Production history
DesignerBelieved to be:
Votkinsk Plant State Production Association and
Tactical Missiles Corporation JSC
Specifications
Mass4,300 kg (9,500 lb)
Length7.2 m (23 ft 7 in) (estimated)
Diameter1,200 mm (47 in) (estimated)
Warhead
EngineSolid-propellant rocket motor
Wingspan1.6 m (5 ft 3 in)

Operational
range

2,000 km (1,200 mi) (Including range of launching aircraft)
Maximum speedMach 10 (3,400 m/s; 11,200 ft/s)
Some sources claim as high as Mach 13 (4,420 m/s; 14,500 ft/s)

Guidance
system

INS, mid-course update

Steering
system

Four cropped delta‐fins

Launch
platform

ReferencesJanes[1]

The Kh-47M2 Kinzhal (in Russian: Х-47М2 Кинжал, "Dagger", NATO reporting name Killjoy) is a Russian nuclear-capable hypersonic air-launched ballistic missile.[2][3] It is claimed to have a range of 2,000 km (1,200 mi) and Mach 10 speed. It can carry either conventional or nuclear warheads[4] and can be launched by Tu-22M3 bombers or MiG-31K interceptors. It has been deployed at airbases in Russia's Southern Military District and Western Military District.[5][6]

The Kinzhal entered service in December 2017 and was one of the six new Russian strategic weapons unveiled by Russian President Vladimir Putin on 1 March 2018.

Design

The missile is designed to hit NATO warships posing a threat to strategic missile systems in European Russia and to destroy NATO missile defense systems, ballistic missile defense ships and land objects close to the Russian borders.

In Russian media the "hypersonic" feature has been highlighted as a unique feature to create an impression it's a new and advanced design (hypersonic glide and scramjet) while "Kinzhal" uses a standard ballistic missile technology at greater speeds. The "hypersonic" feature is shared with many older designs and does not represent any particular technological breakthrough.[7][8]

The overall design of the missile is shared with the 9K720 Iskander, with the guidance section modified for Kinzhal. It can reportedly hit both static targets and mobile ones such as aircraft carriers.[9][10]

The high speed of the Kinzhal gives it better target penetration than lighter, slower cruise missiles.[11] With advanced maneuvering capabilities, high precision and hypersonic speed, some sources[who?] give it the name "carrier killer" due to its alleged ability to disable and possibly even sink a 100,000 ton supercarrier with a single strike.[citation needed]

Russian media state the missile's range as 2,000 km (1,200 mi; 1,100 nmi) when carried by the MiG-31K and 3,000 km (1,900 mi; 1,600 nmi) when carried by the Tu-22M3 when the aircraft's combat radius is added to the missile's range.[12]

Foreign reactions

America's top nuclear commander recently has stated that the United States currently has no reliable defense against hypersonic missiles. [13]

U.S. defense officials have concluded that existing radar architectures are insufficient to detect and track hypersonic weapons.[14] Thus, such weapons like the Kh-47M2 Kinzhal pose a great threat.

In March of 2022, American President Joe Biden confirmed that Russia used hypersonic missiles in Ukraine. "It's almost impossible to stop it," he said: "There's a reason they're using it."[15]

Operational history

The Kinzhal entered service in December 2017 and was one of the six new Russian strategic weapons unveiled by Russian President Vladimir Putin on 1 March 2018.[16][17] The Kinzhal missile has since been deployed on the MiG-31K,[18] the Tu-160M,[19] and the Tu-22M3M.[20] In May 2018, ten MiG-31Ks capable of using Kinzhal missiles were on experimental combat duty and ready to be deployed.[21] By December 2018, aircraft armed with Kinzhal missiles had conducted 89 sorties over the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.[22]

By February 2019, crews of the MiG-31K Kinzhal missile carriers had performed more than 380 training sorties with the missile, of which at least 70 have used air-to-air refueling.[10][23][24] The weapon made its public debut[how?] during the Aviadarts international contest in August 2019.[25]

According to TASS, the first launch of Kinzhal in the Arctic took place mid-November, 2019. The launch was reportedly carried out by a MiG-31K from Olenya air base. The missile hit a ground target at "Pemboy" proving ground, reaching a speed of Mach 10.[26] In June 2021, a Kinzhal missile was launched by a MiG-31K from Khmeimim Air Base on a ground target in Syria.[27] A separate aviation regiment was formed in 2021 which is armed with MiG-31K aircraft with the Kinzhal hypersonic missile.[28]

Rumours in early February 2022 suggested that several MiG-31 interceptors armed with Kinzhal missiles were dispatched from Soltsy Air Base, Novgorod Oblast, to Chernyakhovsk Naval Air Base in Russia's western Kaliningrad exclave.[29][30][31][32] Russia's Aerospace Force launched Kinzhal missiles[where?] on 19 February 2022.[33]

Russo-Ukrainian War

During the Russo-Ukrainian War, the Russian military claimed to have used Kinzhal missiles to destroy an alleged underground weapons depot of the Ukrainian armed forces in Deliatyn on March 18, 2022, followed by a fuel depot in Konstantinovka the next day.[34][35] When asked about the use of these missiles, U.S President Joe Biden noted that it was a significant weapon, but ultimately had the same warhead as any other missile, which is difficult to defend against.[36]

Subsequent reports suggest that the Kinzhal missiles were used again on April 11, while on May 9, Russian Tu-22 aircraft launched three Kinzhal-type missiles at targets in the port city of Odesa.[37] In another development, three MiG-31K fighter aircraft equipped with Kinzhal hypersonic missiles were redeployed to the Chkalovsk airfield in the Kaliningrad Region on August 18, 2022.[38]

According to unconfirmed reports a Russian MiG-31 carrying a Kinzhal missile crashed on take-off from an airbase in Belbek, Crimea on October 1, 2022.[39] While the navigator was able to eject, the pilot was killed.[39]

On 26 January 2023, the Ukrainian Air Force reported that 55 missiles, including a Kh-47 Kinzhal hypersonic missile, and 24 Shahed-136 drones had been fired at targets in Ukraine.[40] The Ukrainian Air Force claimed that they were able to shoot down all of the drones and 47 of the missiles.[40] However, one person was killed and two others were injured when an apartment block in the Holosiiv district was hit during the attack.[40]

On 9 March 2023, Ukrainian cities were hit with a barrage of 84 missiles, including six Kinzhals - the largest use of these missiles to date.[41]

On 4 May 2023, during a night time attack on the Kyiv region, one Kh-47M2 missile was claimed to be shot down by the Ukrainian air defense forces using a MIM-104 Patriot missile defence system.[42][43][44][45] Prior to this interception, stopping an air launched hypersonic missile was considered a "theoretical" capability of the Patriot system.[46] On 9 May 2023, the Pentagon spokesman officially confirmed that Ukraine downed the hypersonic missile.[47] On 11 May 2023, Vitali Klitschko showed fragmets of the alleged downed Kinzhal missile for Bild journalists in Kyiv. The Russian media reported that the fragments actually closely resemble the concrete-piercing BETAB-500ShP aerial bomb.[48][49]

Operators

 Russia

See also

References

  1. ^ Janes (14 April 2022), "Kh‐47M2 Kinzhal (AS-24 'Killjoy')", Janes Weapons: Air Launched, Coulsdon, Surrey: Jane's Group UK Limited, retrieved 13 March 2023
  2. ^ "Kinzhal".
  3. ^ "Russia unveils Kinzhal hypersonic missile". www.janes.com. Jane's 360.
  4. ^ Majumdar, Dave (10 May 2018). "Russia Places 10 Deadly MiG-31s on "Experimental Combat Duty" to Carry "Hypersonic" Missile".
  5. ^ "Russian Aerospace Forces test launch Kinzhal hypersonic missile". TASS.
  6. ^ Newdick, Thomas (8 February 2022). "Russian MiG-31s Armed With Air-Launched Ballistic Missiles Have Arrived In Kaliningrad". The Drive. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
  7. ^ Holdings, Alex (21 March 2022). "Why the 'hypersonic missile' Russia says it just used in Ukraine isn't as advanced as it sounds". Business Journal. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  8. ^ Hollings, Alex (19 August 2022). "How Russia fooled the world about its 'hypersonic' Kinzhal - Sandboxx". www.sandboxx.us. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  9. ^ Lavikainen, Jyri (14 September 2021). Strengthening Russia's Nuclear Forces in the Arctic: The Case of the Kinzhal Missile. www.csis.org (Report).
  10. ^ a b "Russia picks MiG-31 fighter as a carrier for cutting-edge hypersonic weapon". TASS. 6 April 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  11. ^ "What are hypersonic missiles and why is Russia using them?". the Guardian. 20 March 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
  12. ^ "Russian strategic bomber to extend Kinzhal hypersonic missile's range — source". TASS. 18 July 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
  13. ^ Macias, Amanda. "Russia and China are 'aggressively developing' hypersonic weapons — here's what they are and why the US can't defend against them". CNBC. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  14. ^ "Report to Congress on Hypersonic Missile Defense". USNI News. 27 January 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  15. ^ Davis, Charles R. "Biden confirms Russia used hypersonic missile in Ukraine: 'It's almost impossible to stop it'". Business Insider. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  16. ^ "Kinzhal complex substantially boosts Russia's Aerospace Force capabilities – commander". Tass.
  17. ^ Alastair Jamieson (1 March 2018). "Putin unveils new Russian nuclear missile, says it renders defenses 'useless'". nbcnews.com. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  18. ^ Tanmay Kadam (2 May 2023). "Ukraine's 'Best Interceptor' No Match To Russian Foxhound As MiG-31 Outguns Su-27 In Altitude, Speed & Range". The Eurasian Times. Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  19. ^ The New Voice of Ukraine (1 March 2023). "What a defector engineer from Russia can tell the U.S. about Tu-160 strategic bombers". Yahoo News. Archived from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  20. ^ "Russia's upgraded strategic bomber to feature advanced avionics suite". TASS. Archived from the original on 27 December 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  21. ^ "Интервью заместителя Министра обороны России Юрия Борисова о новой военной технике" [Interview with Deputy Minister of Defense of Russia Yuri Borisov about new military equipment]. bmpd.livejournal.com. 6 May 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
  22. ^ "Russian MoD sums up 2018 results, details 2019 deliveries". 3 February 2019. Archived from the original on 4 May 2019.
  23. ^ "Russian fighters armed with Kinzhal hypersonic missiles hold drills with strategic bombers". TASS. 19 July 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  24. ^ "New Russian weapons to guarantee security of the country without increasing costs and involvement in the arms race". eng.mil.ru. 20 February 2019. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
  25. ^ "ЦАМТО / Новости / Авиамикс в этом году стал самым зрелищным за историю конкурса «Авиадартс-2019»" [TsAMTO / News / Aviamix this year has become the most spectacular in the history of the Aviadarts-2019 competition]. armstrade.org.
  26. ^ "Источники: испытания гиперзвуковой ракеты "Кинжал" впервые проведены в Арктике" [Sources: tests of the Kinzhal hypersonic missile were carried out in the Arctic for the first time]. TASS (in Russian). 30 November 2019. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  27. ^ "Истребитель МиГ-31К нанёс удар гиперзвуковой ракетой "Кинжал" по неизвестной цели в Сирии" [MiG-31K fighter jet fired a Kinzhal hypersonic missile at an unknown target in Syria]. avia.pro (in Russian). 29 June 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  28. ^ "Russian troops receive over 5,000 advanced weapon systems in 2021 — defense chief". TASS. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
  29. ^ Newdick, Thomas (8 February 2022). "Russian MiG-31s Armed With Air-Launched Ballistic Missiles Have Arrived In Kaliningrad". The Drive. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
  30. ^ "MiG-31K Jets Deploy to Kaliningrad: 'Dagger' Hypersonic Missiles Pointed at the Heart of Europe". militarywatchmagazine.com. 9 February 2022.
  31. ^ Shestak, Evgueniya (8 February 2022). "Появились данные о переброске МиГ-31К с "Кинжалом" в Калининградскую область" [There was information about the transfer of the MiG-31K with the "Dagger" to the Kaliningrad region]. Vzglyad (in Russian).
  32. ^ "Russia Deploys Hypersonic Missile to Baltic in Range of NATO Capitals". Forbes.
  33. ^ "Russian MoD Releases Footage of Strategic Forces Drills". YouTube.
  34. ^ "Russia says it used hypersonic missiles in Ukraine for first time". Al Jazeera. 19 March 2022.
  35. ^ Paul Kirby (19 March 2022). "Russia claims first use of hypersonic Kinzhal missile in Ukraine". BBC News. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
  36. ^ Davis, Charles R. (21 March 2022). "Biden confirms Russia used hypersonic missile in Ukraine: 'It's almost impossible to stop it'". Business Insider.
  37. ^ Герасимова, Таня (9 May 2022). "Russian Troops Launch Another Missile Strike On Odesa Region, 2 People Injured". Ukrainian News.
  38. ^ "MiG-31 jets with Kinzhal missiles go on combat alert in Russia's westernmost region". 18 August 2022.
  39. ^ a b "ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 284997". aviation-safety.net. 1 October 2022.
  40. ^ a b c Daniel Boffey (26 January 2023). "Ukraine 'cannot be broken' says its top general after Russian missile attack". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  41. ^ Magramo, Kathleen; Guy, Jack; Sangal, Aditi; Vogt, Adrienne; Meyer, Matt (9 March 2023). "Russia's war in Ukraine - Ukraine's infrastructure was hit by dozens of missile strikes Thursday". CNN. See entry at 18:29
  42. ^ "Ukraine downs hypersonic Russian missile using Patriot defense system". Politico. 6 May 2023.
  43. ^ "Ukraine says it downed hypersonic Russian missile with Patriot system". Reuters. 6 May 2023.
  44. ^ Stern, David. "Ukraine says it shot down hypersonic Russian missile with Patriot system". Washington Post. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 6 May 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  45. ^ https://www.npr.org/2023/05/06/1174505616/ukraine-patriot-defense-russian-hypersonic-missile-kinzhal
  46. ^ "US officials are confident in Ukraine's claim it used Patriot system to stop a hypersonic missile, source says". CNN. 7 May 2023. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  47. ^ "Pentagon: Ukraine used U.S.-made Patriot to down Russian hypersonic missile". The Washington Times. 9 May 2023. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  48. ^ "В Сети высмеяли Кличко, перепутавшего «Кинжал» с обычной авиабомбой". osnmedia.ru. 11 May 2023.
  49. ^ "В Сети высмеяли перепутавшего «Кинжал» с обычной авиабомбой Кличко". vz.ru. 11 May 2023.
  50. ^ "Russia's top brass signs a host of deals on advanced weapons delivery to Russian troops". TASS. 24 August 2021.

External links

NATO designation for Russian and former Soviet Union missiles

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